Enamel Erosion: The Silent Wear and Tear on Your Teeth

Enamel erosion is the gradual wearing away of your tooth enamel, the hard, protective outer layer of your teeth. This erosion exposes the underlying dentin, making your teeth more susceptible to sensitivity, decay, and discoloration. While enamel is incredibly strong, it can be weakened and damaged by various factors, often without noticeable symptoms in the early stages.

One of the primary causes of enamel erosion is acidic foods and drinks. Frequent consumption of citrus fruits, sodas, fruit juices, and even certain vinegars can soften enamel, making it more vulnerable to wear. Acid reflux or GERD, which brings stomach acid into the mouth, also contributes significantly. Dry mouth, caused by medications or medical conditions, reduces saliva production, which normally helps neutralize acids.

Other contributing factors include excessive tooth brushing, especially with abrasive toothpaste, and teeth grinding (bruxism). Certain medications, such as aspirin and antihistamines, can also contribute to enamel erosion. Bulimia and other eating disorders can also cause significant damage due to frequent exposure to stomach acids.

The consequences of enamel erosion can be significant. Increased tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks is a common symptom. Teeth may appear yellow or discolored as the underlying dentin becomes exposed. The edges of teeth may become thin or chipped, and in severe cases, teeth can become more prone to cavities and even fracture.

Preventing enamel erosion is crucial for maintaining long-term oral health. Limit acidic food and drink consumption, and rinse your mouth with water after consuming them. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and non-abrasive toothpaste. If you suffer from dry mouth, talk to your dentist about saliva substitutes or medications to increase saliva flow. If you grind your teeth, wear a nightguard. Regular dental checkups are essential for early detection and preventative care.